TechKnowLab

 LDR/Photo-resister with Arduino: This articles aims to show the reader how to use an LDR, also known as a photo-resistor in their projects.  How to use an LDR with Arduino After reading this article, the reader will be able to connect and read a photo-resistor, and use the code in their future projects! Components Needed Arduino Breadboard Jumper Wires (Male to Male) Photoresistor 1x 220 Ohm resistor Wire all the components as per the circuit diagram given below. How do we measure resistance The LDR varies its resistance based on light hitting it, and the Arduino technically only reads voltages, so how do we measure resistance? We are not REALLY measuring the resistance in this circuit, instead we are creating a resistor divider network between the LDR and the resistor, which will vary the voltage directly based on the LDRs value. We then read the voltage out of the divider network and print that value. Code //Variables int inPin = A0 ; //Pin the sensor is connected to ...

 PWM using Arduino: In this article we will look at Pulse-Width Modulation, how to use the Arduino to generate it, and what it does.  How to use the Arduino to generate Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) You will understand what PWM is, and how to use the Arduino to generate it. We will do this by dimming an LED. An LED is a Light Emitting Diode, and it can only be connected one way. If you connect it in reverse, it will not work at all. You can distinguish the polarity of an LED in two ways. Firstly, there will be a longer leg and a shorter leg on the LED. The longer leg is positive and the shorter leg is negative. Sometimes however, the leg length may not be easily visible. For instance, if you have cut the legs shorter for a different project, or bent them for a breadboard. In this case, you can use the second method. The second method is to look at the plastic body of the LED. You will notice one side of it is FLAT. This signifies the NEGATIVE side of the LED. Components Requir...

  Introduction : Additive Manufacturing  Additive manufacturing uses data computer-aided-design (CAD) software or 3D object scanners to direct hardware to deposit material, layer upon layer, in precise geometric shapes. As its name implies, additive manufacturing adds material to create an object. By contrast, when you create an object by traditional means, it is often necessary to remove material through milling, machining, carving, shaping or other means.  Although the terms "3D printing" and "rapid prototyping" are casually used to discuss additive manufacturing, each process is actually a subset of additive manufacturing.   Additive Manufacturing Processes Binder Jetting   T his technique uses a 3d printing style head moving on x, y and z axes to deposit alternating layers of powdered material and a liquid binder as an adhesive. Directed Energy Deposition  Direct energy deposition additive manufacturing can be used with a wide variety of materials in...

 This article shows how to create serial connection through USB between your Arduino and your computer in order to monitor the status of a switch.  Components Required Arduino Board Bread Board Jumper Wires Momentary switch or Push Button 10k ohm resistor Computer with Arduino IDE Circuit and Connections 3 wires should be connected to the board. The first two, red and black, allow access to the 5 volt supply and ground by connecting to the two lengthy vertical rows on the side of the breadboard. Digital pin 2 and one of the push button's legs are connected by the third wire. Through a pull-down resistor (10k ohm in this case), the button's identical leg is connected to ground. The button's opposite leg is wired to the 5 volt supply.  When you press a pushbutton or switch, it connects two points in a circuit. The pin is linked to ground (through the pull-down resistor) and reads as LOW, or 0. When the pushbutton is open (not pressed), there is no connection between the two...

 The on-board LED is blinking in this example, which demonstrates the simplest thing you can do with an Arduino to observe physical output.  Components Required   Arduino board LED (optional) 220 ohm resistor  Breadboard Computer: PC/Laptop Arduino IDE installed on computer Circuit This illustration makes use of the built-in LED found on most Arduino boards. The number of the digital pin that this LED is attached to can change from one type of circuit board to another. We have a constant that is mentioned in each board descriptor file to make your life simpler. The built-in LED may be readily controlled thanks to the constant LED. The constant's relationship to the digital pin is seen here.  D13 - 101 D13 - Due D1 - Gemma D13 - Intel Edison D13 - Intel Galileo Gen2 D13 - Leonardo and Micro D13 - LilyPad D13 - LilyPad USB D13 - MEGA2560 D13 - Mini D6 - MKR1000 D13 - Nano D13 - Pro D13 - Pro Mini D13 - UNO D13 - Yún D13 - Zero You must assemble this circuit...

 This Article shows you how to read analog input from the physical world using a potentiometer. A potentiometer (also called pot for short) is a straightforward mechanical device whose shaft may be twisted to vary the resistance it offers. You may measure the amount of resistance a potentiometer produces as an analogue value by applying voltage to the potentiometer and into an analogue input on your board. In this post, you will establish serial communication between your Arduino and a computer running the Arduino Software (IDE) and then check the status of your potentiometer.  Components Required Arduino Board Bread Board Jumper Wires Potentiometer - 10k Ohm Computer/Laptop with Arduino IDE Circuit The potentiometer's three wires must be connected to your board. The first connects to ground from one of the potentiometer's outer pins. The second connects to 5 volts from the potentiometer's other outside pin. The third connects the analogue pin A0 to the potentiometer'...

The Indian automobile sector currently ranks fifth globally and is expected to rise to third place by 2030. Dependence on the traditional forms of fuel-intensive mobility will not be viable for serving the enormous domestic market. Federal authorities are creating a mobility alternative that is "Shared, Connected, and Electric" in an effort to address this, and they have set an ambitious goal of attaining 100% electrification by 2030.  India has a lot to gain by switching to electric vehicles (EVs), including access to qualified labour in the manufacturing and technology industries and a relative abundance of renewable energy supplies. If India continues to make steady progress toward achieving its ambitious 2030 objective, the EV market in India will provide a US$206 billion potential by 2030, according to an independent assessment by CEEW Centre for Energy Finance (CEEW-CEF). This would necessitate an overall investment in vehicle manufacturing and charging infrastructure o...

 Using SD Card Module with Arduino  In this article, I am going to explain how to use SD card module with Arduino to write and read data. This article will help you to make your own data logging system such as - temperature logging system, humidity logging system, speed logging system, acceleration and gyroscope data logging system, etc. Components and Parts Arduino UNO SD Card Module Computer SD Card  Power Supply   Circuit Diagram   Download Libraries SD Card Library - SD.h : Download SPI Library - SPI.h: Pre-installed in Arduino IDE Arduino Code for Writing Data to SD Card #include < SPI . h > #include < SD . h > File myFile ; void setup ( ) { // Open serial communications and wait for port to open: Serial . begin ( 9600 ) ; while ( ! Serial ) { ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only } Serial . print ( "Initializing SD card..." ) ; if ( ! SD . begin ( 10 ) ) { Serial . println ( "initialization f...

 Power Supply Selection for Project: Powering up your projects (Robotics, IoT, Mechatronics, Automation, etc.) means providing its parts (micro-controller, sensors, actuators, etc.) with right supply. These parts require different supplies of different current capabilities. In this article you will know about different powering method and their characteristics.     How to select power supply for the project? What is a supply? When you build any project like robots, mechatronics, automation, IoT projects you will need to consider how you will supply it with power. In fact, some parts, such as micro-controllers and sensors, typically require either 5 or 3.3V. They also need a stable (regulated) voltage supply. Other parts may need 12V such as motors. This require several different supplies with different current capabilities. In this post, different ways of supplying power to your project are presented and discussed. Battery Your main power source is always a DC battery. Ba...

 Obstacle Avoiding Robot: If you landed on this page, you must be a robotics enthusiast. You must be thinking to learn the robotics. Obstacle Avoiding Robot is one of the most liked beginner level robot. It will teach you a lot of concept about electronics, coding, micro controller and robotics. In this article, I will help you to choose the component for making a obstacle avoiding robot. So, Lets get started.  Obstacle Avoiding Robot - Kit and Components Obstacle avoiding robot is a programed movable object (car, four wheel drive, 3 wheel drive) which is intelligent enough to avoid obstacles coming in its path and change its path to reach at the target. I am providing here the list of parts or components so that you can assemble and make the simple object detection and avoiding mechanism of the robot. Obstacle avoiding robot is made up of following type of components: Mechanical Parts/Hardware Electronics Components/Hardware Software/Arduino Code  So, Lets discuss each p...