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Kerala's First 3D Printed Building

Created as a showcase project, AMAZE-28, the single-room summer house, was successfully constructed within 28 days on the grounds of the Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra. The 3D-printed building at the Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra in Thiruvananthapuram. (Photo: Shekunj)  The inauguration of Kerala's inaugural 3D-printed structure, a 380-square-foot single-room summer house, is scheduled to take place on October 10 at the Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (Kesnik) campus located in PTP Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram.  Conceived as a showcase initiative, the summer house named AMAZE-28 was successfully finished within a mere 28 days. This impressive project was executed by Tvasta, a construction technology startup based in Chennai, founded by alumni of IIT-Madras, who have entered into a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Kesnik.  AMAZE-28 is perched upon a concrete foundation atop a gentle elevation within the Kesnik campus. Febi Varghese, the Director and Chief Executive Officer of...
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Types of Additive Manufacturing

 

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is known by various names like - Rapid Prototyping, free form fabrication, 3D printing, digital fabrication, etc. Various AM technologies or 3D printing processes could be classified in three categories based on the form of feed materials used by them: 
  1. Liquid based AM
  2. Solid based AM
  3. Powder based AM

Liquid based AM

The AM technologies in which input material or feed material is in liquid form, are liquid based 3D printing technology.
Example - Stereo-lithography (SLA), Solid Ground Curing (SGC).
 
SLA Process (Image Source: laserfocusworld.com).


Solid Ground Curing Process (image Source: hisour.com).

 

Solid based AM 

In this category feed material is in the solid form. Example - Extrusion based AM or Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM). 
 
Fused Filament Fabrication process (Dolores R Serrano et al.).

 
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) (Image source: custompartnet).

Powder based AM

This is the class in which feed material is in powder form. Generally, this category involves metal based 3D printing. 
Example - Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Selective Laser Melting (SLM), etc.
 
Selective Laser Sintering Process (Image Source: manufactur3dmag.com).

 Although, as per ASTM standard  F2797, 3D printing methods are categorized into seven groups:

  1. Extrusion based Processes
  2. Material Jetting Processes
  3. Powder Fusion based Processes
  4. Vat Polymerization Processes
  5. Sheet Lamination Processes
  6. Direct Energy Deposition Processes
  7. Binder Jetting Processes

S.No.

Category

3D Printing Processes
1

 Extrusion based Processes

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

2

 Material Jetting Processes

Material Jetting

3

 Powder Fusion based Processes

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), Electron Beam Melting (EBM), Selective Heat Sintering (SHS), Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS).

4

Vat Polymerization Processes

Stereolithography (SLA)

5

Sheet Lamination Processes

Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)

6

 Direct Energy Deposition Processes

Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS), Directed Light Fabrication, Direct Metal Deposition, 3D Laser Cladding

7

 Binder Jetting Processes

3DP Technology

  

References

  1. Krishnanand, Taufik M. (2021) Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Based 3D Printer and Its Design: A Review. In: Deepak B.B.V.L., Parhi D.R.K., Biswal B.B. (eds) Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Innovative Product Design. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9853-1_41
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